Ama-Flame Retardants: Izithasiselo Zerabha Ezesibili Ezinkulu Nezepulasitiki
I-flame retardantiyi-ejenti eyisiza esetshenziselwa ukuvimbela izinto ukuthi zingashi futhi ivimbele ukusakazeka komlilo. Isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ezintweni ze-polymer. Ngokusetshenziswa okubanzi kwezinto zokwenziwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kancane kancane kwamazinga okuvikela umlilo, izinqamuleli zamalangabi zisetshenziswa kakhulu kumapulasitiki, irabha, okokunamathela, njll. Ngokusho kwezakhi zamakhemikhali eziwusizo eziyinhloko ku-FR, ingahlukaniswa izigaba ezintathu: ilangabi elingaphili. ama-retardants, ama-organic halogenated flame retardants kanye nama-organic phosphorus retardants.
Ama-Inorganic flame retardantsisebenza ngokomzimba, enokusebenza kahle okuphansi kanye nenani elikhulu lokwengeza. Inomthelela othize ekusebenzeni kwezinto. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yentengo ephansi ingasetshenziswa emikhiqizweni ephansi enezidingo eziphansi zokusebenza, njengepulasitiki PE, i-PVC, njll Thatha isibonelo i-aluminium hydroxide (ATH). kufika ku-200 ℃. Inqubo yokubola idonsa ukushisa nokuhwamuka kwamanzi, ukuze kuvinjwe ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa kwezinto, kunciphise izinga lokushisa lezinto ezibonakalayo, kubambezele isivinini sokusabela kokuqhekeka okushisayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umhwamuko wamanzi unganciphisa ukuhlushwa kwe-oksijeni futhi uvimbele ukuvutha.I-alumina ekhiqizwa ukubola inamathele endaweni ebonakalayo, engavimbela ukuqhubeka komlilo.
I-Organic halogen flame retardantsngokuyinhloko sebenzisa indlela yamakhemikhali. Ukusebenza kahle kwayo kuphezulu futhi okungeziwe kuyi-samll nokuhambisana okuhle nama-polymers. Zisetshenziswa kabanzi kuma-castings e-elekthronikhi, amabhodi wesekethe aphrintiwe nezinye izakhi zikagesi. Kodwa-ke, azokhipha amagesi anobuthi futhi agqwalayo, anezinkinga ezithile zokuphepha nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.Ama-brominated flame retardants(BFRs)ikakhulukazi ama-halogenated flame retardants anomusa. Omunye nguyeama-chloro-series fire retardants(CFRs). Izinga lokushisa labo lokubola lifana nelezinto ze-polymer. Lapho ama-polymers eshiselwa futhi ebola, ama-BFR nawo aqala ukubola, afake indawo yomlilo yesigaba segesi kanye nemikhiqizo yokubola okushisayo, avimbele ukusabela futhi avimbele ukusakazeka komlilo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, igesi ekhishwe ihlanganisa ingaphezulu lezinto ezibonakalayo ukuze uvimbele futhi unciphise ukuhlushwa komoya-mpilo, futhi ekugcineni unciphise ukusabela kokuvutha kuze kube yilapho uphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-BFR avame ukusetshenziswa ngokuhambisana ne-antimony oxide (ATO). I-ATO ngokwayo ayinakho ukubambezeleka komlilo, kodwa ingasebenza njengesisusa sokusheshisa ukubola kwe-bromine noma i-chlorine.
I-Organic phosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs)isebenza kokubili ngokomzimba namakhemikhali, ngokusebenza kahle okuphezulu kanye nezinzuzo zobuthi obuphansi, ukuqina nokusebenza kwezindleko eziphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungase futhi kuthuthukise ukucutshungulwa kwe-fluidity ye-alloy, inikeze umsebenzi we-plasticizing kanye nokusebenza okuhle kakhulu.Ngezidingo eziphakeme zokuvikelwa kwemvelo, ama-OPFR kancane kancane ashintsha ama-BFR njengemikhiqizo evamile.
Nakuba ukungezwa kwe-FR kungeke kwenze okokusebenza kumelane nomlilo ngokugcwele, kungagwema ngokuphumelelayo into ethi "flash burn", kunciphise ukuvela komlilo futhi kuzuze isikhathi esibalulekile sokuphunyuka kwabantu endaweni yesehlakalo. Ukuqiniswa kwezidingo zikazwelonke zobuchwepheshe obungavimbeli ilangabi nakho kwenza amathuba okuthuthukiswa kwama-FR abe banzi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-19-2021